Chemistry

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Chemistry review — Chapter 23

Descriptive Chemistry — is the aspect of chemistry that describes the sources, properties, and uses of specific elements and their compounds.

Flux — in a blast furnace, is the substance that causes mineral impurities in an ore to melt more readily.

Slag — is a light, easily melted, glasslike material formed in smelting process.

Froth Flotation — is a method for concentrating upper ores.

Roasting — is a process that involves heating a copper sulfide ore with oxygen-enriched air in a smelting furnace. The copper (I) oxide produced is processed to produce copper.

Allotropes — are forms of the same element that have different molecular structures but that often exist in the same physical phase.

Nitrogen Fixation — is the conversion or “lifting” of atmospheric nitrogen into compounds.
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Chapter 24

Isomer — are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.

Hydrocarbons — are organic compounds consisting solely of the elements hydrogen and carbon.

Aliphatic — describes hydrocarbons that have an open-chain structure-either straight or branched.

Combustion — is a chemical reaction producing noticeable light and heat.

Substitution — is when one or more hydrogen atoms of hydrocarbon are replaced by some other element group.

Cracking — is the process of breaking down large organic molecules in crude oil to smaller ones in order to increase the supply of gasoline.

Hard Water — is water that contains calcium, magnesium, or fucrous ions in solution. Soap reacts with these ions to form a precipitate.

Saponification — is the hydrolysis of an ester in basic solution. The term means soap making, and is commonly applied to the reaction used to make soap.

-There are coval...