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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Lou Gehrig’s Disease

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis:  Lou Gehrig’s Disease

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis:  Lou Gehrig’s disease

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) – a devastating neuromuscular disease that strikes adults in the prime of life – has puzzled physicians since it was first described in medical literature more than 100 years ago.  ALS was made famous by baseball legend Lou Gehrig – but anyone can get this disease.  ALS is a fatal disorder that causes progressive muscle paralysis.  ALS is a terminal neurological disorder that robs patients of their ability to dress themselves, eat, walk, and speak.  Patients generally survive three to five years after being diagnosed, with death generally occurring due to respiratory failure.  The cause of the deadly disease was and is still a mystery today.
Pathophysiology
	The pathogenesis is unclear, but there are three general types of ALS:  sporadic, familial and guamanian.  (Neurology Channel, 2004)  Sporadic is the most common in the United States with the cause believed to be excess levels of a neurotransmitter called glutamate.  Glutamate in high levels acts as a neurotoxin that damages and kills nerve cells.  Familial ALS (FALS) is linked to a genetic defect of chromosome 21.  Mutated superoxide dismutase (SOD) causes motor neuron

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