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Piezoeletricity

Piezoeletricity

Pierre and Jacques Curie initially discovered the piezoelectric effect in 1880. The two  scientists observed that when pressure was exerted on a small piece of quartz, it produced an  electric potential. It was later found that when an electric potential was applied (via an electric  field) to the same material, there was also a change in length. Thus, the name piezoelectricity  (Greek for pressure electricity) was given to this anomaly.

Piezoelectricity can be used in many different applications. The first application of piezoelectricity  came around in 1917, when Langevin used quartz transducers to generate and detect underwater  acoustic waves. This invention was eventually used for submarine detection. One of the most important  applications of piezoelectricity was radio communications. First described by Nicholson in 1919, the  application was finally put into use by WEAF in New York when they put up the first quartz crystal  controlled transmitter in 1926.  Piezoelectricity can be defined as the generation of static charge due to the creation of a dipole  moment. A quick illustration can be done using a model of a tetrahedron in an electric field: 
 Using symmetry, one finds that

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