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Bonds

Bonds

1.	General information and different types of bonds

1.1. General information
Bonds summarize all securities which guarantee interest payments and repayment of the principal value. These interest-bearing securities are launched by different issuers, e.g. states, industrial firms or banks, throughout the world.
The majority of these securities are quoted on the stock exchange.
Bonds consist of a bond certificate and a coupon sheet. The certificate embodies the creditor position and the coupon sheet consists of single coupons (interest warrants) and the talon. 
 
There are a lot of different types of bonds. In the next section I will explain how investors can distinguish the bonds.

1.2	Classification
According to Grill&Perczynski (1999, p.209, p.211, p.226) bonds can be organized at the following criteria:
Issuer:		public authority, banks, industrial companies
Interest charges:	fixed, variable, non-interest-bearing
Run time:			short term (until 4 years), medium-term (4-8 years), long 		term (from 8 years)
Repayment:	total due (principal value will be paid back at maturity) sinking-fund bonds (are paid back in partial amounts), eternal loans (never paid back)
Stock exchange:	fungible or not
Headquarter:	national or international
Currency: 			e.g. $ or €
Special rights:	additional rights with which the loan is equipped, e.g. convertible bonds

In this paper there are only analyzed four bonds, because they are the most common ones:
•	Straight Bonds
•	Zero Bonds
•	Floating Rate Notes
•	Convertible Bonds

1.2.1	Straight Bonds
Straight bonds are loan

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Word Count: 953

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