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The First Civilizations

The First Civilizations

Chapter 1-The First Civilizations: the Peoples of Western Asia and Egypt

I.	The first humans; Australopithecines 
A. The earliest humanlike creatures (hominids)
               1.   Lived in Africa
               2.   First to make stone tools
  3.  Oldest known tool: knife blade (2.6 million years old)
B. Second stage (1.5 million yrs ago) Homo Erectus “upright human being” 
1.	First hominid to move from Africa
2.	Made use of larger and varied tools 
C. Third crucial stage (250,000 yrs ago) Homo Sapiens “wise human being”
1.	By 100,000 B.C.E 2 groups of Homo Sapiens emerged.
2.	1 type was the Neanderthal.
3.	First remains found in Germany, then in Europe, then the Middle East (dated 100,000-30,000 B.C.E)
4.	First to bury their own dead
5.	Europe Neanderthals used clothing from animal skins
D. Modern Humans; Homo Sapiens Sapiens “wise, wise human being”
1.	Appeared 200,000 and 150,000 years ago in Africa
2.	Began to spread outside Africa 100,000 yrs ago
3.	30,000 B.C.E Homo Sapiens Sapiens replaced Neanderthals.

II.	The Hunter-Gatherers of the Old Stone Age
A. Paleolithic Age Old Stone (2,500,000-10,000 B.C.E)
1.	20-30 people per group
2.	Nomadic to follow animal migrations
3.	Women gathered nuts, plants; Men hunted for

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